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#1 Silver

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Posted 27 February 2009 - 08:03 PM

Why not? Same as Avatar/Signature Above you, but with usernames. GO!

#2 hinsburg

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Posted 27 February 2009 - 08:16 PM

Some sort of material? Tin foil is platinum? Or just the color? Argh, what's the T!?

#3 Silver

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Posted 01 March 2009 - 04:41 PM

Hinsburg sounds like some kind of blimp.

#4 SwordOfSeals

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Posted 03 March 2009 - 09:39 PM

^Isn't the T for Titanium? That's what I always thought...

#5 Majora

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Posted 03 March 2009 - 09:41 PM

^ Used by my main character of choice in SSBM :O

#6 Adem

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Posted 03 March 2009 - 09:48 PM

^That funky lookin' mask thing in MM. icon_razz.gif

#7 SwordOfSeals

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Posted 03 March 2009 - 09:59 PM

How many Links do you have left? I need some for this party I got going on. All my Zeldas are gonna be lonely without them!

#8 Beefster

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Posted 03 March 2009 - 10:56 PM

Seal the sword? Sword the seals? A sword made of seals? I don't get it.

#9 Fabbrizio

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Posted 04 March 2009 - 04:45 PM

Beefster hamster dyer maker.

#10 SwordOfSeals

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Posted 04 March 2009 - 04:53 PM

^While it may make you stronger, your fashion sense will horribly crumble...

#11 Russ

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Posted 04 March 2009 - 05:58 PM

^ I never quite got if it meant a sword of seals, as in a sword that seals something away, or if it meant a sword belonging to seals and walruses. icon_smile.gif

#12 Silver

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Posted 04 March 2009 - 08:30 PM

^Copypasta FTW.
QUOTE
Russian Revolution in 1905
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Russian Revolution (1905))

This article includes a list of references or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations where appropriate.


Bombs found in the Bolshevik explosives lab. 1907
The 1905 Russian Revolution is a historical term describing a wave of political terrorism, strikes, peasant unrests, mutinies, both anti-government and undirected, that swept through vast areas of the Russian Empire, leading to the establishment of the State Duma of the Russian Empire, multi-party system and the Russian Constitution of 1906.
Contents [hide]
1 Background
2 Rise of the opposition
3 Start of the revolution
4 Height of the revolution
5 Duma and Stolypin
6 Rise of terrorism
7 Finland
8 Estonia
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
[edit]Background

The liberal Czar Alexander II, who had emancipated the serfs in 1861 and passed a range of legal, local government and military reforms, was assassinated on March 1, 1881 by Narodnik (populist) terrorists. His conservative successor, Alexander III, was a reactionist who governed with an iron fist. Both the state and the church were subordinate to this autocracy, which in 1905 was headed by Alexander III's son, Nicholas II, of the House of Romanov.
[edit]Rise of the opposition

At the start of the 20th century Russian liberals formed Union of Zemstvo constitutionalists (1903) and Union of Liberation (1904) which called for a constitutional monarchy. Russian socialists organised into two major groups: Socialist-Revolutionary Party, following the Russian populist tradition, and Marxist Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party.
In the fall of 1904 liberals started a series of banquets, celebrating the 40th anniversary of the liberal court statutes, and calling for political reforms and establishment of a constitution. On November 30, 1904, Moscow City Duma passed a resolution, demanding establishment of an elected national legislature, full freedom of the press and freedom of religion. Similar resolutions and appeals from other city dumas and zemstvo councils followed.
Nicholas II made a move to fulfill many of the demands, appointing liberal Pyotr Dmitrievich Sviatopolk-Mirskii minister of the interior after the assassination of Vyacheslav von Plehve. On 12 December 1904, the Tsar issued a manifesto promising the broadening of Zemstvo and local municipal councils authority, insurance for the industrial workers, emancipation of Inorodtsy and abolition of censorship. Still, the crucial point of representative national legislature was missing in the manifesto.
[edit]Start of the revolution

In December 1904, a strike occurred at the Putilov plant in Saint Petersburg. Sympathy strikes in other parts of the city raised the number of strikers above 80,000. Controversial Orthodox priest George Gapon, who headed a police-sponsored workers' association, led a huge workers' procession to the Winter Palace to deliver a petition to the Tsar on Sunday, January 22 [O.S. January 9] 1905). The troops guarding the Winter Palace opened fire on demonstrators, which resulted in more than 100 deaths. The event became known as Bloody Sunday, and is usually considered the start of the active phase of revolution.
Events in Saint-Petersburg provoked public indignation and a series of mass strikes throughout Russia. Growing inter-ethnic confrontation throughout the Caucasus resulted in Armenian-Tatar massacres, heavily damaging the cities and the Baku oilfields. Polish socialists - both the PPS and the SDKPiL - called for a general strike; over 400,000 workers became involved in strikes all over Russian Poland.
The government responded fairly quickly. The Tsar dismissed the Minister of the Interior, Pyotr Sviatopolk-Mirskii, on January 18, 1905 O.S. and appointed a government commission "to enquire without delay into the causes of discontent among the workers in the city of St. Petersburg and its suburbs" in view of the strike movement. Commission was headed by Senator N.V. Shidlovsky, a member of the State Council, and included officials, chiefs of government factories, and factory owners. It was also to have included workers’ delegates elected according to a two-stage system. Elections of the workers delegates were blocked by the socialists, trying to divert the workers from the elections to the armed struggle. On February 20 (March 5), 1905, the Commission was dissolved without having started work.
Following the assassination of his uncle, the Grand Duke Sergei Aleksandrovich, on February 4 O.S. Tsar agreed to give new concessions. On February 18 O.S. he published the Bulygin Rescript, which promised the formation of a 'consultative' assembly, religious tolerance, freedom of speech (in the form of language rights for the Polish minority) and a reduction in the peasants' redemption payments.
On May 24 and 25, about 300 Zemstvo and municipal representatives held three meetings in Moscow, which passed a resolution, asking for a popular representation at the national level. On June 6, 1905 Nicholas II had received a Zemstvo deputation. Responding to speeches by Prince Sergei Trubetskoi and Mr. Fyodrov, the tsar confirmed his promise to convene an assembly of people’s representatives.
In October, 1905 Saint Petersburg Soviet was formed. It called for a general strike, refusal to pay taxes and withdrawal of bank deposits.
[edit]Height of the revolution



Ilya Repin, 17 October 1905
On August 6 O.S. Nicholas II agreed to the creation of a consultative State Duma of the Russian Empire. When the slight powers of this and the limits to the electorate were revealed, unrest redoubled and culminated in a general strike in October.
On October 30, the October Manifesto, written by Sergei Witte and Alexis Obolenskii, was presented to the Tsar. It closely followed the demands of the Zemstvo Congress in September, granting basic civil rights, allowing the formation of political parties, extending the franchise towards universal suffrage, and establishing the Duma as the central legislative body. The Tsar waited and argued for three days, but finally signed the manifesto on October 30 [O.S. October 17] 1905), owing to his desire to avoid a massacre, and a realisation that there was insufficient military force available to do otherwise. He regretted signing the document, saying that he felt "sick with shame at this betrayal of the dynasty" - "the betrayal was complete".
When the manifesto was proclaimed there were spontaneous demonstrations of support in all the major cities. The strikes in Saint Petersburg and elsewhere either officially ended or quickly collapsed. A political amnesty was also offered. The concessions came hand-in-hand with renewed, and brutal, action against the unrest. There was also a backlash from the conservative elements of society, with right-wing attacks on strikers, left-wingers and Jews.
While the Russian liberals were satisfied by the October Manifesto and took preparations for upcoming Duma elections, radical socialists and revolutionaries denounced the elections and called for an armed uprising to "finish off the tsarism".
The November uprising of 1905 in Sevastopol, headed by retired naval Lieutenant Pyotr Shmidt, was only suppressed after a fierce battle. The Trans-Baikal railroad fell into the hands of striker committees and demobilized soldiers returning from Manchuria after the Russo-Japanese war (See Chita Republic). The Tsar had to send a special detachment of loyal troops along the Trans-Siberian Railway to restore order.
The uprisings ended in December with a final spasm in Moscow. Between December 5 and December 7 O.S. there was a general strike by the Russian worker class. The government sent in troops on December 7, and a bitter street-by-street fight began. A week later the Semenovskii Regiment was deployed, and used artillery to break-up demonstrations and shell workers' districts. On December 18 O.S., with around a thousand people dead and parts of the city in ruins, the Bolsheviks surrendered.
[edit]Duma and Stolypin

Among the political parties formed, or made legal, was the liberal-intelligentsia Constitutional Democratic party (the Kadets), the peasant leaders' Labour Group (Trudoviks), the less liberal Union of October 17 (the Octobrists), and the reactionary Union of Land-Owners.
The electoral laws were promulgated in December 1905—franchise to male citizens over 25 years of age, electing through four electoral colleges. This was a 'weighted' electoral system where the votes of some sections of society were worth more than others. For example, the vote of an landowner was worth more than the vote of a peasant or industrial worker. The first elections to the Duma took place in March 1906 and were boycotted by the socialists, the SRs and the Bolsheviks. In the First Duma there were 170 Kadets, 90 Trudoviks, 100 non-aligned peasant representatives, 63 nationalists of various hues, and 16 Octobrists.
In April 1906 the government issued the Fundamental Laws, setting the limits of this new political order. The Tsar was confirmed as absolute leader, with complete control of the executive, foreign policy, church, and the armed forces. The Duma was shifted, becoming a lower chamber below the half-elected, half-appointed by tsar State Council. Legislation had to be approved by the Duma, the Council and the Tsar to become law and in "exceptional conditions" the government could bypass the Duma.
In April, after having negotiated a loan of almost 900 million roubles to repair Russian finances, Sergei Witte resigned. Apparently the Tsar had "lost confidence" in him. Later known as "late Imperial Russia's most outstanding politician", Witte was replaced by seniour Ivan Goremykin. On May 6, 1906 Goremykin was replaced by Pyotr Stolypin.
Demanding further liberalisation and acting as a platform for "agitators", the First Duma was dissolved by the Tsar in July 1906. Despite the hopes of the Kadets and the fears of the government, there was no widespread popular reaction to the Vyborg appeal. However, an assassination attempt on Pyotr Stolypin led to the establishment of field trials for terrorists, and over the next eight months more than a thousand people were hanged.
[edit]Rise of terrorism

The years 1904 and 1907 were time of decline for the mass movements, such as strikes and political demonstrations, but also a time of rising political terrorism. SR Combat Organization, PSP Combat organization and Bolshevik combat groups carried out numerous assassinations, targeting civil servants and police, and robberies.
Notable victims of assassins included:
Dmitry Sipyagin — Minister of Interior. Killed April 2, 1902 in Saint Petersburg.
Vyacheslav von Plehve — Minister of Interior. Killed July 28 in 1904 in Saint Petersburg.
Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia — Killed February 17, 1905 in Moscow
Victor Sakharov — former war minister, Killed November 22, 1905
Nikolai Bobrikov - Governor-General of Finland, Killed June 17, 1904 in Helsinki
Admiral Chukhnin — the Black Sea Fleet commander. Killed July 11, 1906.
Aleksey Ignatyev
Eliel Soisalon-Soininen chancellor of justice of Finland. Killed February 6, 1905 in Helsinki
[edit]Finland



Demonstrators in Jakobstad
In the Grand Duchy of Finland the Social Democrats organized the general strike of 1905 (October 30 – November 6). First Red Guards were formed, led by captain Johan Kock. During the general strike the Red Declaration, written by Yrjö Mäkelin, was given in Tampere, demanding dissolution of the Senate of Finland and universal suffrage, political freedoms, and abolition of censorship. Leader of the constitutionalists, Leo Mechelin crafted the November Manifesto, that led to the abolition of the Diet of Finland of the four Estates and to the creation of the modern Parliament of Finland. It also resulted in a temporary halt to the russification policy started in 1899.
On July 30, 1906, Russian sailors rose to rebellion in the fortress of Viapori (later called Suomenlinna), Helsinki. The Finnish Red Guards supported rebellion with a general strike, but it was quelled by the Baltic Fleet in sixty days.
[edit]Estonia

In the Governorate of Estonia, Estonians called for freedom of the press and assembly, for universal suffrage, and for national autonomy. On October 16, Russian army opened fire in a meeting on a street market in Tallinn, killing 94 and injuring over 200. The October Manifesto was supported in Estonia and brought the Estonian flag out publicly for the first time. Jaan Tõnisson used the new political freedoms to widen the rights of Estonians by establishing the first Estonian political party - National Progress Party. Another, more radical political organization, the Estonian Social Democratic Workers' Union was founded as well. The moderate supporters of Tõnisson and more radical supporters of Jaan Teemant could not reach a consensus, how to continue with the revolution, only that they both wanted to limit the rights of Baltic Germans and end Russification. The radical views were publicly welcomed and in December 1905, martial law was declared in Tallinn. A total of 160 manors were looted, resulting in ca. 400 workers and peasants killed by the army. Estonian gains from the revolution were minimal, but the tense stability that prevailed between 1905 and 1917 allowed Estonians to advance the aspiration of national statehood.
[edit]See also

Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland (1905–1907)
Łódź insurrection (1905)
Battleship Potemkin uprising
Great Seimas of Vilnius
Russian Revolution (1917)
[edit]References

Abraham Ascher; The Revolution of 1905, vol. 1: Russia in Disarray; Stanford University Press, Stanford, 1988
Abraham Ascher; The Revolution of 1905, vol. 2: Authority Restored; Stanford University Press, Stanford, 1994
Abraham Ascher; The Revolution of 1905: A Short History; Stanford University Press, Stanford, 2004
Donald C. Rawson; Russian Rightists and the Revolution of 1905; Cambridge Russian, Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995
François-Xavier Coquin; 1905, La Révolution russe manquée; Editions Complexe, Paris, 1999
François-Xavier Coquin and Céline Gervais-Francelle (Editors); 1905 : La première révolution russe (Actes du colloque sur la révolution de 1905), Publications de la Sorbonne et Institut d'Études Slaves, Paris, 1986
John Bushnell; Mutiny amid Repression: Russian Soldiers in the Revolution of 1905-1906; Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 1985
Anna Geifman. Thou Shalt Kill: Revolutionary Terrorism in Russia, 1894-1917.
[edit]External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Russian Revolution of 1905
The Year 1905 by Leon Trotsky
Russia and reform (1907) by Bernard Pares
Russian Chronology 1904-1914, including the Revolution of 1905 and its aftermath
Estonia during the Russian Revolution of 1905 (in Estonian)
Categories: Russian Revolution | 1905 in Russia | Conflicts in 1905 | History of Finland


#13 Adem

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Posted 04 March 2009 - 08:38 PM

^Teh Pokeman Platinum will ownz you.

#14 Russ

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Posted 04 March 2009 - 08:56 PM

^ Is that where you buy chain links?

#15 Surreal Canine

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Posted 04 March 2009 - 09:43 PM

Your first name.
And didn't I do one of these a while back?


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